- With intermittent renewable energies like Solar PV and Wind Turbines, it is necessary to consider energy storage to cover the times when the wind does not blow or the Sun does not shine.
- Short duration energy storage systems cover outages up to 4 hours and provide substantial grid stability. These systems are usually batteries which have constraints on discharge and cycles and life.
- Long duration energy storage systems cover outages up to 10 days representing prolonged periods of weather related cloud cover or wind lulls. There is a range of systems including Hydrogen, Compressed Air Storage (CAES), Pumped Hydro, and some batteries like Redox Flow. A particular challenge for high capacity long duration energy storage system is commercial – how to compensate the developers for something only used periodically.
- Right now there is a gap in the large scale roll-out of intermittent renewables where there has not been enough correspondingly sized energy storage systems – this has led to some grid curtailments.
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